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response and, hence could lead the way to find a potential marker for progression-free survival.Care pathways are primarily aimed at decreasing length of hospital stay (LOS) and preventing unnecessary costs while maintaining or improving the quality of care. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there is insufficient evidence for proving an impact upon postoperative complications.
In this retrospective study, logistic regression was used to calculate a propensity score, and, after carrying out 11 nearest-neighbor matching, 296 patients were analyzed in both groups with regard to postoperative complications using the Clavien-Dindo classification system as a primary aim. In addition, secondary aims were LOS, compliance to care, and deviation from the care pathway with respect to patient discharge. Relative risk of the primary outcome was calculated and compared with the e-value as sensitivity testing approach.
Due to the mandatory part of the care pathway, patient record compliance was 100%. Deviation from the care pathway with respect to the planned patient discharge on postoperative day 2 was noted in 16% of the cases. After adjustment for potential factors, the relative risk when comparing Clavien-Dindo complication grades 0 versus 1-4 is 1.64 (95% CI 0.87-3.11), which did not reach significance (= 0.127). After matching, LOS lasted 3.69 days without and 3.26 days with the care pathway, respectively.
Against the background of already implemented structured standard operation procedures, a care pathway is not able to reduce postoperative complications. Nevertheless, we consider our clinical pathway a highly valuable tool for the interdisciplinary management of patient hospitalization under the supervision of experienced specialized surgeons.
Against the background of already implemented structured standard operation procedures, a care pathway is not able to reduce postoperative complications. Nevertheless, we consider our clinical pathway a highly valuable tool for the interdisciplinary management of patient hospitalization under the supervision of experienced specialized surgeons.Acute peptic ulcer bleeding is still a major reason for hospital admission. Especially the management of bleeding duodenal ulcers needs a structured therapeutic approach due to the higher morbidity and mortality compared to gastric ulcers. Patient with these bleeding ulcers are often in a high-risk situation, which requires multidisciplinary treatment.
This review provides a structured approach to modern management of bleeding duodenal ulcers and elucidates therapeutic practice in high-risk situations. Initial management including pharmacologic therapy, risk stratification, endoscopy, surgery, and transcatheter arterial embolization are reviewed and their role in the management of bleeding duodenal ulcers is critically discussed. Additionally, a future perspective regarding prophylactic therapeutic approaches is outlined.
Beside pharmacotherapeutic and endoscopic advances, bleeding management of high-risk duodenal ulcers is still a challenge. When bleeding persists or rebleeding occurs and the gold stanng. Surgical procedures are performed to control hemorrhage, but they are still associated with a higher morbidity and a longer hospital stay. In the meantime, transcatheter arterial embolization is recommended as an alternative to surgery and more often replaces surgery in the management of failed endoscopic hemostasis. Future studies are needed to improve risk stratification and therefore enable a better selection of high-risk ulcers and optimal treatment. Additionally, the promising approach of prophylactic embolization in high-risk duodenal ulcers has to be further investigated to reduce rebleeding and improve outcomes in these patients.Patients with irresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) have a limited prognosis with median survival times still less than 1 year. In addition to the current standard first-line systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine and a platinum derivate), endoscopic treatment aims to ensure adequate drainage of the biliary system by placing biliary plastic or metal stents. Local ablative procedures like intraluminal biliary brachytherapy (ILBT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) are used to improve local tumor control and to optimize the stent patency.
Intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is another promising tool in the therapeutic armamentarium for the endoscopic management and tumor ablation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). By applying thermal energy to the tissue through high-frequency alternating current, RFA induces coagulative necrosis and causes local destruction of the tumor. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tlr2-in-c29.html It is established as a first line percutaneous treatment of solid liver tumors, and since 2011 an endoscopic catheter is a studies are lacking, the choice of the local ablative method remains in each case an individual decision.
Recent studies suggest that intraductal RFA is an effective and well-tolerated additional treatment option with regard to stent patency but also overall survival. Since RFA has fewer systemic side effects and requires less logistical effort when compared to ILBT and PDT, intraductal RFA should be considered as another safe and feasible adjuvant method for the palliative care of patients with advanced PHC. Since comparative studies are lacking, the choice of the local ablative method remains in each case an individual decision.For recurrent cholangiocarcinoma, systemic chemotherapy is the standard of care. Repeated resection is a potential curative treatment, but data are scarce and outcomes are not well defined so far.
In the last decade there has been an increasing number of reports suggesting a survival benefit and even cure after repeated surgery. This is particularly true for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, where repeated resections offer similar or even better results than the first resection. In selected cases even a third liver resection is possible. In contrast, in perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma, repeated resection is only rarely possible. Although the improved outcome might be attributed to a careful patient selection and a favorable tumor biology, repeated surgical treatment should be attempted whenever possible. This necessitates a structured follow-up after resection.
Surgical resection offers the chance for prolonged survival and even for cure in recurrent cholangiocarcinoma. Hence, it is of the utmost importance to better understand the routes of metastases and to define factors qualifying for resection.

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シンビオ社会研究会 原子力WEB教材

skipperbertram396496 の編集

シンビオ社会研究会原子力WEB教材