_ 教材(2)リスクとリスクアセスメントの基本的な考え方
_ 1.リスクとは
_ 1.1 リスクの語源とさまざまな使われ方
フランス・ボルドーマネージメントスクールのシャミーヴァ教授は,「リスクという用語がフランスや日本社会で爆発的に増大した現代だが,リスクのもつ意味が正確に定義されないまま曖昧に使われている.リスクとは,ラテン語で,危険を認知し,そこをなんとか対処するという意味の“risico”,“risicus”と論争,紛争という意味の“rixicare”の二つのことばが原義で,リスクの本来のニュアンスである」と指摘している.1)また社会学者の吉田 純 京大教授によれば,「リスクの原義はルネサンス時代のイタリア語で「危険を冒しても,あえて新しいことをする」という意味だった.だが,近代社会でのリスクの意味合いは“自由な選択に伴う意図せざる結果”と定義できる」という.2)
確かに近代社会になって人々は封建的権威の束縛から解放され自由が拡大した.だが人々にチャンス拡大の反面,科学技術の発展もあいまってリスクも拡大した.わが国社会で最近氾濫するリスクの使われ方の実例を表1-1に示す. 3)このような社会用語としてのリスクの持つ背景やさまざまな問題については,本書の第3部「社会システムと産業技術リスク」において広範に論じることとしたい.
表1 社会用語としてのリスクのさまざまな使われ方
さて,欧米においては1970年代から,技術システムの安全を管理し,そのリスクマネージメントを実効化するために,科学的用語と称して主に工学的観点からリスクが定義され,リスクアセスメント手法が発展してきた.以下本章では,工学的な観点からのリスクの定義から始め,そのリスクマネージメントへの応用への基本的な考え方へと展開する.
_ 1.2 リスクの定義3)
リスクという言葉の持つさまざまな観点を分析してその重要な要素を抽出し,工学者の使用出来る用語としてのリスクに初めて言及したものは,世界中のさまざまな国,人々の生活や健康に関わる国連機関であるユネスコによる定義である.ユネスコの定義では,リスクを危険源(Hazard),脆弱性(Vulnerability),潜在的損失(Potential loss)の3つの要素の生成物(Product)として捉え,
Risk = Hazard×Vulnerability×Potential Loss (1-1)
と定義した.ここではリスクの意味を3つの要因に整理している.
さらにS. Kaplan による次の定義は,科学的用語としてリスクの定量化を意識した出発点になる.
Risk= 〈 Si, Pi, Ci 〉, (i=1,2,・・・, N) (1-2)
ただしSi:i番目の事故シナリオ,Pi: i番目の事故シナリオの発生確率(頻度),Ci: i番目の事故シナリオが発生した場合の災害規模である.
災害による損失金額や死傷者などの異なったさまざまな被害の期待値は,(1-2)式をもとにした次式によりリスク値として表現できる.
(1-3)
そして災害による被害を例えば即死者数のように1種類に限定した場合には,次式になる.
(1-4)
但し,(1-4)式右辺第3式でのkはシナリオ数,Cは一定値である.(1-4)式でCは比例定数と考えれば,リスクは,次式のように特定の被害状態にいたる予想頻度(Predicted frequency)の平均値となる.
(1-5)
PRAでは(1-5)式で与える平均値をリスクの点推定値と呼ぶが,リスクの評価では平均値以外にその分布の形や分散などの統計量も考慮することも必要になる.
_ 1.3 PRAにおけるリスクの数学的定式化4)
1975年に正式に公表された米国原子力委員会による「原子炉安全研究」は,このプロジェクトのリーダの名前をとってラスムッセンレポートないし報告書のレポート番号からWASH-1400とも言われる.これが確率論的リスク評価法(PRA)を初めて体系化したものである.5)
WASH-1400ではリスクを推定する方法として,科学的用語としてのリスクの定義に準拠している.すなわち,①事象の「期待頻度」F(事象回数/単位時間),②損害の推定大きさDを用いてリスクRを次式で定義している.
(1-6)
そして事象発生によるリスクには複数個のタイプがあること,時間的経過や累積効果があることなどを考慮してさまざまなリスク表現の数学的定式化を行っている.
まずリスク密度Ri(xj,t)として「事象Eiが時間tに発生し,タイプjの事故影響の損害のレベルがxjからxj+dxjになる頻度」としている.このリスク密度を用いると,「事象Eiが時間tに発生し,タイプjの事故影響の損害がXj以上になる」リスクRi(≧Xj,t)が,次式により定義できる.
(1-7)
また「運転中のあるシステムが,ある時間tにすべての生起しうる事故事象によって生じる複合リスク」R(≧Xj,t)を,次式によって推定することができる.
(1-8)
また(1-8)式を時間Tまで時間積分すると,次式により累積複合リスクR(≧Xj,T)が推定できる.
(1-9)
一方,システムの運転によって受ける事故影響のタイプが複数あるときに,タイプkの事故影響に換算して事象Eiによる総合リスクRi(k)(t)をあらわすには次式を用いる.
(1-10)
ただし,aj(k)は総合化係数である.
以上のように,PRAにおけるリスクの定義では,事故のタイプ,時間的蓄積効果,異種の事故影響の総合化などを数学的定式化により明確にしている.
WASH-1400は1970年代に米国で建設が相次いだ原子力発電所がもたらしうる原子力事故のリスクを,他の自然災害や人為災害によるリスクと比較することを目的としていた.そこでは,原子力事故の影響として,①早発性死亡,②早発性疾病,③潜在的な癌死亡,④甲状腺瘤発生,⑤財産の損失,一方,自然災害や人為災害では,①死亡者数,②喪失した労働者の人数・月,③喪失した金額 を評価対象としていた.一方WASH-1400で取り扱われた非原子力災害のリスク評価では,放射線障害のような長期的影響を考慮されなくて比較的短期の影響を対象としていた.しかしその後,環境公害問題の高まりとともに,PRAによる非原子力災害の評価でも「大気の汚染度」,「水質の悪化率」,さらには「地球温暖化ガス放出量」といった環境影響も対象になっている.
前の頁 目次 次の頁?
_ コメント
- 4 , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597786 Clash of the Titans Movie On The Internet , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597768 Can I Download Despicable Me The Movie , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597780 Watch Made From Jonah Hex , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597736 Downloads The Expendables Online , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597756 Watch Knight and Day Full Movie High Quality , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629435&as=92757 Full Alice in Wonderland Movie In High Quality , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629419&as=92757 Killers Film Actors , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597794 Watch Leap Year Full Movie Good Quality , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629470&as=92757 2012 Theater Film , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629418&as=92757 Download For Green Zone The Movie , -- Ipod Despicable Me Free?
- 3 , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629458&as=92757 How To Watch Splice Online , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629308&as=92757 The Sorcerer's Apprentice Film With Good Quality , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597737 Where Can I Buy Robin Hood The Film , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597750 Download The Predators Film Online , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629331&as=92757 Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole 2010 Full Film , http://www.formspring.me/1salt Length Of Salt Film , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629360&as=92757 When Can I Buy The The Town Movie , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597734 The Whole Iron Man 2 Film Online , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597812 Dvd The Book of Eli Online , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629446&as=92757 Watch The Whole Movie Of Dinner for Schmucks , -- How To Download The Town Online?
- 4 , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629453&as=92757 Download Step Up 3D Hq , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629318&as=92757 Watch Piranha Movie Divx , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629233&as=92757 Download And Watch Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time Online , http://www.formspring.me/2eclipse Where To Watch Eclipse Full Movie , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597790 Buy Green Zone Film Cheap , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629455&as=92757 Watch Full Version Of Devil Movie , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629477&as=92757 The Losers Film Casting , http://www.formspring.me/1residentevil Download Resident Evil: Afterlife Film Score , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629276&as=92757 The Karate Kid Movie Clips Download , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597748 Watch Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time The Movie Full , -- [[I Want To Watch Resident Evil: Afterlife Film]]
- 2 , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597802 Watch Whole Movie Of Splice , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629387&as=92757 I Spit on Your Grave Good Film For Sale , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629221&as=92757 The A-Team Film Soundtrack , http://www.formspring.me/1robinhood Robin Hood The Movie To Watch , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629268&as=92757 Download Get Him to the Greek For Ipod , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597792 Killers Movie In English To Download , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27628930&as=92757 Where Can I Download Toy Story 3 Movie , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597742 Where Can I Download How to Train Your Dragon Online , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597744 Downloads The Last Airbender Movies , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597818 Repo Men Trailer Download , -- I Want To Watch Robin Hood Film?
- 4 , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597738 Download Salt Film In Hd Formats , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597732 Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps Movie Download Good Quality , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629484&as=92757 Ocean's Eleven Film Sales , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597784 Download Frozen Hd , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629256&as=92757 Website To Watch Knight and Day The Movie , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597782 When Can I Buy The The Town Movie , http://www.formspring.me/1predators Buy Predators The Movie , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597752 Watch Grown Ups The Film Full Version , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597764 Centurion 2010 Full Film , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597804 Watch Sex and the City 2 The Film Right Now , -- To Watch The Salt Film?
- 3 , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597741 Resident Evil: Afterlife Psp , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597798 Download Step Up 3D Movie Now , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597797 Dinner for Schmucks Film Song , http://www.formspring.me/1centurion How To Download Centurion The Movie , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597766 Watch Red Full Film High Quality , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597795 Quality Alice in Wonderland Ipod , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629468&as=92757 I Want To Watch The Full Movie Of Sex and the City 2 Online , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayKickPlace.kickAction?u=27629322&as=92757 Order Avatar Film , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597806 The 2012 Soundtrack Download , http://community.fox8.com/service/displayDiscussionThreads.kickAction?as=92757&w=221030&d=597800 Download For Devil The Movie , -- [[Download Resident Evil: Afterlife Movie Online]]
- 2 , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 tramadol canine dosage , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v tramadol fedex overnight delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi is tramadol a prescription drug , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u how to get free tramadol asap , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa tramadol tablet , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t tramadol kidney pain , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 tramadol cheap tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf tramadol hydrocodone interaction , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l side effects for tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi about tramadol medecation , -- tramadol intensify other drugs?
- 4 , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 lowest prices on tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i buy tramadol online cod , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy tramadol canada dosage feline , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid lowest cost for veterinarian tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 tramadol hydrochloride pill id , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp fatal overdose quantity of tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta tramadol side effecs in dogs , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 tramadol tough online , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 tramadol online no prescription cod , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 hsn tramadol order , -- low cost tramadol?
- 3 , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 tramadol canine dosage , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v tramadol for staurday delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi tramadol and drug interactions , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u taking tramadol and voltaren together , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa hci tablet tramadol ultram , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t tramadol pain killer medication , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 cheap tramadol with free overnight shipping , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf cheap tramadol cod delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l fetal effects tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi all about tramadol emotions , -- how is tramadol different from vicodin?
- 4 , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 lowest price of tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i from tramadol buy dreampharm , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy canada pharmacy tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid cost of tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 cold water pill extraction tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp 600 mg tramadol dose , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta side affects of tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 tramadol consent online , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 tramadol no prescription overnight , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 buy tramadol money order , -- tramadol hcl side effects?
- 3 , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 tramadol hcl dosage , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v cheapest tramadol next day delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi tramadol drug study , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u phenergan tramadol safe together , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa tramadol hydrochloride tablets label , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t tramadol dogs pain amantidine , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 buy tramadol online cheap , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf tramadol overnight cod , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l tramadol hydrochloride in canine side effects , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi site about tramadol decayed , -- tramadol and gaba combination for pain?
- 2 , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 best price tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i tramadol buy pain , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy tramadol in canada , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid tramadol 180 count cost , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 photo of tramadol pills , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp can you overdose on tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta tramadol side effect constipation , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 tramadol online purchase , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 no prior prescription tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 order tramadol now , -- order tramadol online cod?
- 4 , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 tramadol canine dosage , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v buy tramadol cash on delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi tramadol drug screen , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u can you take tramadol mobic together , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa tramadol hcl 50 mg tablet , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t back pain tramadol or ibuprofen , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 buy cheap tramadol buy , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf compare tramadol to hydrocodone , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l tramadol hci effects on brain , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi all about tramadol pleasure , -- chronic pain tramadol?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 lowest price tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i buy tramadol pay cash on delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy canada order tramadol online , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid cost tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 tramadol 50 mg pill form , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp maximum dose of tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta tramadol pain pill side effects , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 buy tramadol online overnight delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 no prescription tramadol overnight , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 order tramadol online cod , -- tramadol online om?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 best dosage tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v tramadol fedex overnight delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi tramadol and drug screening , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u get tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa tramadol 4 50mg tablets , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t tramadol nerve pain , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 cheap online tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf ativan tramadol hydrocodone alcohol , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l tramadol 50 mg side effects , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi all about tramadol covetous , -- tramadol 50 mg tablets?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 tramadol prices , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i buy from pharmcy tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy tramadol availability in canada , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid cost of tramadol versus ultram er , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 view tramadol pills , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp 300 safe dose tramadol er high , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta tramadol side effect constipation , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 tramadol online si , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 prescriptions tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 canada order tramadol online , -- buy tramadol online saturday delivery?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 tramadol dogs dosage , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v codeine ultram tramadol overnight delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi drug tramadol dosage by weight , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u get tramadol prescription online , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa tramadol hcl acetaminaphen tablets , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t tramadol help pain like my lortab , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 no rx tramadol cheap , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf cod tramadol orders , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l veterinary tramadol side effects in dogs , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi all about tramadol brushed , -- tramadol vet dosage?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 best tramadol prices , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i buy tramadol 180 , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy tramadol fast from canada , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid cost of tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 photo of tramadol pills , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp canine tramadol dose , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta side effects dog tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 tramadol puts online , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 tramadol cheap fast no prescription , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 tramadol cod overnight order , -- tramadol overdose in dogs?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 normal dosage of tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v casn on delivery tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi drug testing for tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u can you take tramadol mobic together , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa tramadol tablet photo , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t tramadol kidney pain , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 cheap tramadol without prescription 100mg , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf tramadol 180 cod , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l effects of long term tramadol abuse , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi all about tramadol pleasure , -- tramadol dog side effect?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 low price tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i buy cheap tramadol o , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy tramadol availability in canada , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid average costs for prescription tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 tramadol pill with 377 on it , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp maximum dose of tramadol for dogs , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta tramadol effects medication side , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 online tramadol pharmacy , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 no prescription tramadol overnight , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 order tramadol 180 , -- tramadol ultram cost comparison?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 tramadol er dosage , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v tramadol cod sat delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi drug side affects tramadol in dogs , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u how to get off tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa tramadol 60 tablets , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t hydrocodone pain tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 buy tramadol cheaply , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf tramadol cod only , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l effects of long term use tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi tramadol all about , -- effective tramadol arthritis back pain?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 street price of 50mg tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i ataxia es buy tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy canada pharmacy tramadol no prescription , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid tramadol er cost , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 tramadol pill price , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp tramadol dose in canines , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta tramadol side effects forum numbness , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 ativan buy tramadol online , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 cheap tramadol prescriptions online discover card , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 order tramadols , -- tramadol ultram cost comparison?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 tramadol dosage for toothache , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v tramadol cash on delivery saturday delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi drug hours positive testing tramadol ultram , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u can u get high off tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa generic acetaminophen tramadol tablets , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t tramadol pain killer , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 tramadol online cheap , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf mix vicodin and tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l long term side effects of tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi all about tramadol plums , -- q cheapest tramadol drugstore a?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 best tramadol prices , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i buy cheap tramadol online 35009 buy , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy is tramadol available in canada , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid generic tramadol cost , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 buy pills online tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp tramadol overdose in dogs , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta tramadol hcl-acetaminophen side effects , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 cash loans online tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 tramadol no prescription needed , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 order tramadol next day shipping , -- tramadol canada dosage cats?
- chikaldonyx , http://www.box.net/shared/rnqmokpg69 tramadol dog dosage mg , http://www.box.net/shared/055v2t0i9v buy tramadol saturday delivery , http://www.box.net/shared/kb3lt2havi tramadol drug for vet use , http://www.box.net/shared/eccbgnog7u tramadol and volteren together , http://www.box.net/shared/44irvnvrsa tramadol hydrochloride tablets , http://www.box.net/shared/6cev6jaf3t tramadol kidney pain , http://www.box.net/shared/54iifxugl0 tramadol online cheap , http://www.box.net/shared/8lsga07ttf tramadol drug label and codeine , http://www.box.net/shared/ahakoaft1l tramadol effects medication side , http://www.box.net/shared/pdx37utzxi site about tramadol trouble , -- tramadol kidney pain?
- fendyreheiter1 , http://www.box.net/shared/ias3cn35l0 low price tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/ydfoaafn8i tramadol buy online , http://www.box.net/shared/i77thrn7jy is tramadol available in canada , http://www.box.net/shared/ko3vqyhmid cost low tramadol , http://www.box.net/shared/acn7y8ded4 what does tramadol pills look like , http://www.box.net/shared/ioyjzm3vkp tramadol doseage , http://www.box.net/shared/a0g09mi9ta tramadol for dogs side effects , http://www.box.net/shared/9ola22l010 tramadol make online , http://www.box.net/shared/xb4q3vbpr9 cheap tramadol no prescription , http://www.box.net/shared/ac8gi87114 order discount tramadol , -- cod tramadol orders?
- Urdfmk <a href="http://ifngtsluwbcq.com/">ifngtsluwbcq</a>, [url=http://edatggzsgpks.com/]edatggzsgpks[/url], [link=http://sjdkybgqwvry.com/]sjdkybgqwvry[/link], http://cblhqtmhqfhf.com/ -- criczxywlxw?
- comment2, http://naep2010.com finara, http://nawfa.org Viagra, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org Adipex, http://encoremtg.com cialis, http://holyindia.net discount phentermine, -- Diazepam?
- comment2, http://leyveik.com diazepam online, http://filmontherun.com 20mg of rimonabant, http://mutluanne.org Klonopin, http://newschoolnewyork.com phentermine viagra, http://naep2010.com Propecia, http://nawfa.org erection viagra, http://mykarnali.com generic meridia from mexico, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com antabuse tablet, http://nandininessa.com ultram.com, -- Cialis?
- comment6, http://leyveik.com diazepam, http://n-z-p.net doxycycline 180 pills, http://mutluanne.org withdrawal from klonopin, http://newschoolnewyork.com looking for phentermine, http://naep2010.com Propecia, http://estraha.net order acomplia, http://nawfa.org Viagra, http://naturalborncynic.net cialis, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org adipex, http://encoremtg.com cialis professional 90 pills, http://neodfa.com Adipex, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com antabuse, -- 100mg doxycycline?
- comment4, http://leyveik.com buy diazepam, http://filmontherun.com rimonabant, http://myoneshotpictures.com how to wean off buspar, http://newschoolnewyork.com compare phentermine prices, http://envirotechservice.com Viagra, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org adipex-p, http://holyindia.net buy phentermine online, -- rimonabant online?
- comment1, http://myoneshotpictures.com Buspar, http://newschoolnewyork.com phentermine no prescription, http://nawfa.org cheap generic viagra, http://mykarnali.com Meridia, http://encoremtg.com Cialis, -- phentermine.com?
- comment1, http://leyveik.com Diazepam, http://filmontherun.com buy cheapest rimonabant, http://myoneshotpictures.com buspar.com, http://naep2010.com propecia.com, http://estraha.net acomplia no script, http://naturalborncynic.net Cialis, http://nawfa.org viagra professional 30 pills, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org Adipex, http://envirotechservice.com viagra, http://encoremtg.com generic cialis, http://neodfa.com Adipex, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com antabuse, -- side effects ultram er?
- comment5, http://leyveik.com buy diazepam, http://n-z-p.net Vibramycin, http://myoneshotpictures.com buspar for dogs, http://naep2010.com effects propecia side, http://newschoolnewyork.com Phentermine, http://estraha.net Acomplia, http://nawfa.org Viagra, http://mykarnali.com meridia.com,, http://envirotechservice.com viagra.com,, http://neodfa.com buy adipex-p phentermine online, http://nandininessa.com ultram, http://holyindia.net phentermine 37 5mg, -- acomplia?
- comment2, http://mutluanne.org klonopin vs xanax, http://estraha.net kaufen title acomplia, http://naturalborncynic.net online physicians cialis, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org Adipex, http://nandininessa.com ultram, http://neodfa.com Adipex, http://holyindia.net phentermine no prescription, -- Meridia?
- comment6, http://n-z-p.net doxycycline, http://filmontherun.com does rimonabant work?, http://mutluanne.org Klonopin, http://newschoolnewyork.com phentermine, http://naep2010.com Propecia, http://nawfa.org viagra, http://envirotechservice.com canda viagra online, http://nandininessa.com ultram, http://holyindia.net phentermine lowest price, -- finasteride propecia proscar?
- comment2, http://myoneshotpictures.com buspar, http://estraha.net acomplia, http://newschoolnewyork.com phentermine overdose, http://naep2010.com Propecia, http://naturalborncynic.net cialis cialis.asp zebrahaifa.com, http://mykarnali.com meridia.com, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org Adipex, http://envirotechservice.com Viagra, http://encoremtg.com cialis levitra viagra vs vs, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com Antabuse, http://nandininessa.com ultram vs ultracet, http://neodfa.com adipex, http://holyindia.net buy phentermine online, -- Rimonabant?
- comment2, http://myoneshotpictures.com buspar, http://estraha.net acomplia, http://newschoolnewyork.com phentermine overdose, http://naep2010.com Propecia, http://naturalborncynic.net cialis cialis.asp zebrahaifa.com, http://mykarnali.com meridia.com, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org Adipex, http://envirotechservice.com Viagra, http://encoremtg.com cialis levitra viagra vs vs, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com Antabuse, http://nandininessa.com ultram vs ultracet, http://neodfa.com adipex, http://holyindia.net buy phentermine online, -- Rimonabant?
- comment2, http://n-z-p.net cheap doxycycline, http://nawfa.org Viagra, http://naturalborncynic.net cialis, http://mykarnali.com buy meridia, http://envirotechservice.com cheap viagra, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org canada adipex diet pills, http://encoremtg.com Cialis, http://neodfa.com adipex, -- zimulti rimonabant diet pill?
- comment2, http://n-z-p.net cheap doxycycline, http://nawfa.org Viagra, http://naturalborncynic.net cialis, http://mykarnali.com buy meridia, http://envirotechservice.com cheap viagra, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org canada adipex diet pills, http://encoremtg.com Cialis, http://neodfa.com adipex, -- zimulti rimonabant diet pill?
- comment2, http://n-z-p.net cheap doxycycline, http://nawfa.org Viagra, http://naturalborncynic.net cialis, http://mykarnali.com buy meridia, http://envirotechservice.com cheap viagra, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org canada adipex diet pills, http://encoremtg.com Cialis, http://neodfa.com adipex, -- zimulti rimonabant diet pill?
- comment2, http://leyveik.com diazepam, http://n-z-p.net doxycycline bergstrom, http://myoneshotpictures.com Buspar, http://naep2010.com propecia.com, http://naturalborncynic.net cialis levitra viagra, http://mykarnali.com meridia without perscription, http://envirotechservice.com cheap viagra, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org adipex-p, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com Antabuse, http://nandininessa.com ultram er dosages, -- buy adipex-p?
- comment5, http://n-z-p.net doxycycline absorption prediction, http://filmontherun.com Rimonabant, http://mutluanne.org buy klonopin, http://newschoolnewyork.com adipex phentermine, http://estraha.net Acomplia, http://nawfa.org online viagra sales, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org adipex, http://envirotechservice.com viagra online, http://encoremtg.com cialis.com,, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com antabuse 60 pills, http://holyindia.net Phentermine, -- cialis?
- comment4, http://leyveik.com buy diazepam, http://n-z-p.net doxycycline effects hyclate side, http://filmontherun.com rimonabant, http://mutluanne.org klonopin, http://myoneshotpictures.com buspar sexual side effects, http://newschoolnewyork.com phentermine vs meridia, http://estraha.net acomplia slimming tablet, http://nawfa.org viagra equivalent, http://naturalborncynic.net Cialis, http://envirotechservice.com cheap viagra, http://neodfa.com adipex witthout a prescription, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com antabuse medication, http://holyindia.net cheapest phentermine online, -- Ultram?
- comment6, http://leyveik.com diazepam overdose, http://n-z-p.net cheap doxycycline, http://filmontherun.com Rimonabant, http://naep2010.com propecia, http://estraha.net Acomplia, http://mykarnali.com meridia canada prescription, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com antabuse, http://holyindia.net phentermine, -- viagra super active 120 pills?
- comment3, http://n-z-p.net doxycycline, http://newschoolnewyork.com phentermine, http://nawfa.org viagra best buy, http://encoremtg.com Cialis, http://neodfa.com adipex, -- Diazepam?
- comment2, http://filmontherun.com Rimonabant, http://mutluanne.org klonopin history, http://naep2010.com propecia, http://estraha.net acomplia fat cells, http://naturalborncynic.net buy cialis online, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org buy adipex, http://encoremtg.com cialis, http://nandininessa.com Ultram, http://neodfa.com Adipex, http://mytakeonmommyhood.com 250 antabuse cheap generic mg, http://holyindia.net phentermine, -- buy buspar?
- comment2, http://n-z-p.net doxycycline and photosensitivity, http://naep2010.com viagra propecia online gt, http://greaterlondonprayerwall.org adipex, http://encoremtg.com Cialis, http://neodfa.com Adipex, http://holyindia.net phentermine pregnancy, -- phentermine clinic portland or?
- comment2, http://herbal-remedies-online-shop.com/ herbal remedies, http://erektionen.se viagra köp, http://buy-ampicillin.com/ amoxil ampicillin anti, http://cialisinfo.it acquisto cialis, http://choose-health-insurance-quotes.com/ id health insurance, http://best-herbal-remedies-shop.com/ herbal remedies, -- health insurance
- comment4, http://omviagra.com handla viagra, http://buying-diflucan.com/ diflucan, http://buy-cafergot.com/ cheap cafergot, http://free-dating-websites-4u.com/ swingers dating sites, http://online-dating-services-4u.com/ biker dating services, -- buy cigarettes?
- comment6, http://leyveik.com Diazepam, http://filmontherun.com Rimonabant, http://mutluanne.org buy klonopin, http://estraha.net acomplia, http://naep2010.com order propecia online, http://envirotechservice.com buy viagra online, -- purchase zimulti acomplia?
- comment2, http://limweb.org Viagra, http://letoileblog.com cialis online, http://laiaatthepark.com Cialis, http://londonphotoassociation.org Levitra, -- Cialis?
- comment2, http://limweb.org silagra generic viagra, http://laiaatthepark.com cialis levitra viagra, http://letoileblog.com discount cialis, http://londonphotoassociation.org buy cheap levitra spam, -- sofia viagra?
- comment5, http://limweb.org Viagra, http://laiaatthepark.com cheap cialis generic, http://letoileblog.com buy cialis online, http://londonphotoassociation.org book buy generic, -- online rx cialis?
- comment1, http://limweb.org buy viagra, http://letoileblog.com cialis levitra viagra, http://laiaatthepark.com cialis cialis cialis genuinerx.net viagra, http://londonphotoassociation.org viagra cialis levitra, -- order viagra?
- comment4, http://limweb.org viagra, http://laiaatthepark.com cialis professional 20mg, http://letoileblog.com order cialis, http://londonphotoassociation.org levitra, -- Levitra?
- AtPyE0 <a href=\"http://umqyfdriusvf.com/\">umqyfdriusvf</a>, [url=http://zmwdooryatkd.com/]zmwdooryatkd[/url], [link=http://bhrqzordcftu.com/]bhrqzordcftu[/link], http://jequgtpxgbgb.com/ -- nbowow?